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24. Nicolini, “History of Muscat and Zanzibar.”25. Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 867.26. Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 864.27. Abdullah, Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder, 1-10.28. Captain Francis Loch, quoted in Belgrave, Pirate Coast, 56.29. Woodbridge, “Cessation of Plunder and Piracy.”30. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/606.31. Peszko, “Important Work.”

32. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 263.

33. J. Peterson, “Britain and the Gulf.”34. Barakat, Bedouin Bureaucrats.

35. Al-Sabah, Mubarak al-Sabah.

36. Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 273.37. Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 272.38. 瓦哈比派歷來自稱“認主獨一者”（Unitarians），昭示其恪守真主絕對獨一的淳本信條。

39. Al-Rasheed, History of Saudi Arabia, 13-35.40. Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500.

41. Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500-501.42. Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, 218.43. Tacitus, Agricola, 30. [domain]. Accessed, March, 2024.44. British Library, “Treaties and Engagements.”45. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

46. 各類議會委員會和調查集中研究了海灣地區、阿拉伯地區和印度洋地區的岭隸制問題，留下了大量的信件和官方記錄。這些資料被整理成了九卷本的《阿拉伯岭隸貿易》（Slave Trade into Arabia），由伯德特（Burdett）主編。

47. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

48. Rosenthal, Pearl Hunter, 6.

49. Hightower, “Pearls.”

50. Bishara et al., “Economic Transformation of the Gulf,” 191.51. Palgrave, Narrative of a Year’s Journey, 232.52. Carter, “Pearling in the Persian Gulf,” 199.53. Hopper, Slaves of One Master, 51-80.54. 例如，見Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v.Bahr.), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1994 I.C.J. Rep. 112 (July 1);Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1995 I.C.J. Rep. 6 (Feb. 15); Judgment, 2001 I.C.J. Rep. 40 (Mar. 16)。

55. Bishara et al. “, Economic Transformation of the Gulf,” 194.56. Holes, “Language, Culture and Identity,” 274.57. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/664.58. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/416.59. 那卞是“每年僅25萬英鎊”(Davidson, Dubai, 31)。

60. Jackson, Persian Gulf Command, 1-44.61. Woodward, “Bahrain’s Economy.”

62. J. Peterson, “Britain and the Gulf.”63. Zahlan, Modern Gulf States, 27.

64. Bradshaw, End of Empire, 35-69.

65. Langton, “British Diplomat.”

66. Morton, Buraimi, chap. 14.

67. Times News Service, “Oman’s New Private Museum.”68. Takriti, “1970 Coup in Oman,” 157.

69. Tesiger, Arabian Sands, 276.

第六章迪拜

1. Hvidt, “Emergence and Spread,” 207.

2. Kanna, Dubai.

3. David Sanger, “Under Pressure.”